The eyes are undoubtedly one of the most crucial yet fragile sensory organs. There are a number of eye disorders which have different causes, can impair vision, and even lead to permanent blindness.
Eye disorders are prevalent all around the world and therefore the list all disorders can be exhaustive. However, we have listed some of the common ones for a brief understanding:
1. Glaucoma
Unlike other eye disorders, Glaucoma is a range of eye conditions that are associated with the damage to the optic nerve. The different types of Glaucoma include Closed-angle Glaucoma, Primary Open-angle Glaucoma, Low-tension Glaucoma, and Pigmentary Glaucoma.
Glaucoma is caused by the build-up of pressure in the eyes which, in turn, damages the optic nerve. Failure to treat Glaucoma can result in total blindness. Some of the common symptoms of Glaucoma include blurred vision, pain in the eyes, vomiting tendency, and frequent headaches.
2. Macular Degeneration
Macular Degeneration is another serious eye disorder which can lead to vision impairment and blindness. Macular Degeneration, as the name suggests, is caused due to the degeneration of the macula.
Macular Degeneration is largely associated with ageing and therefore it is also known as Age-related Macular Degeneration. This eye disorder has been classified into two types; Wet and Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration.
Some of the common symptoms of Age-related Macular Degeneration include blurred vision, colour distortion, reduced ability to focus on intricate objects.
3. Cataract
Cataract affects millions of people worldwide every year. As it generally affects people aged 65 or older, it comes under the classification of degenerative eye disorder. Although Cataracts tend to develop as a natural ageing process, the disorder is also related Diabetes.
Some of the common symptoms of Cataracts include double vision, cloudy/blurred vision, glare from bright lights, and poor night vision.
4.Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy is a serious eye disorder that is solely caused by Diabetes. People with Diabetes have high blood sugar levels which have damaging effects on the blood vessels in the retina. High blood glucose levels can cause the blood vessels to swell and leak, impair blood flow, and can even cause abnormal growth of new blood vessels. These changes, in turn, impair vision.
There are two stages of Diabetic Retinopathy, including Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPPDR) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). Some of the common symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy include blurred vision, vision loss, fluctuating vision, seeing dark spots and floaters, and impaired colour vision.
5. Dry Eye Syndrome
Dry Eye Syndrome is one of the most common eye disorders faced by people worldwide. Insufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eyes is the main cause of Dry Eye Syndrome. If left untreated, Dry Eye Syndrome can lead to frequent eye irritation and even inflammation.
Some of the common symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome include burning sensation in the eyes, sore eyes, itchy eyes, red eyes, fatigued eyes, sensitivity to light, and dryness sensation.
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